Grammar:
- Present simple indicating past time
- Tense revision: past simple, past progressive and past perfect
I. PRESENT SIMPLE:
1. Form:
S+ V(s/es)/ be
Ex : want-- wants ; give--- gives ; be--- am; is ; are
* Verbs ending in : -sh;-ch;-o;-ss;-x then we add "es" ( washes ; washes...)
* Verbs ending in : -y so we change "y" to "i" then add " es" ( studies ...)
2. Adverbs of frequency:
* Never, seldom, rarely, sometimes, often, usually, always, normally, ocassionally ...
* From time to time, constantly, now and then, frequently, every (...) once, twice, threetimes a day ...
3. Uses :
a/ Things are always true :
Ex : Haiduong is not as big as Hanoi
b/ Habits or repeated actions at present :
Ex : I often go to school at 7
c/ Timetable /Schedule :
Ex: The film starts at 8 pm
d/ Likes- interests-belief-hopes..:
* Love , like, hate,dislike ,enjoy, prefer, detest,fancy....
*Thinks ,wonder,consider,suppose, doubt....
* Want ,need, wish, hope, believe,expect,know, understand,....
e/Verbs of perception:
Hear, see,smell,look, notice, seem,, sound...
f/ State verbs :
Contain, consist, feel, last, depend, matter, belong,fit,suit,weigh, own, mean, seem, appear...
g/Headings/headlines:
Ex:100 people are killed.
h/ Plot of a film, play,book ...:
Ex:The films tells about a naughty boy who is hated by step mother .
i/If-When clause :
Ex: If it rains, i will stay at home.
II. TENSE REVISION:
* Past simple:
1. Form: S+ V(ed)
2. Adverbs of time:
Yesterday , last year , last night, in 1998, in 18th century ....
3. Uses:
a. An completed action in the past
Ex: I met him yesterday
b. When the time is asked exactly :
Ex: When did you do your housework?
c. An action happened at a definitely period of time even the time isn't mentioned
Ex: She opened the door ,changed her clothes and started doing the housework.
d. Sometime the time is definited as a result of a question and an answer at the present perfect tense
e. A habit in the past ( used to , would V)
S+adverb of frequency+ V(ed)
f. A series of past actions
g. An action suddenly happened while another action was happening in the past
Ex: I was sleeping when he phoned
h. In second-type condition and unreal past tenses ( I'd rather , I'd sooner...)
Ex: If I was a billionaire, I would give each of you $10000
* Past progressive:
1. Form :
S+ was/were + V-ing
2. Adverbs of time
* At 7 a.m yesterday, at this time last week / last month
* At the end of last year / last month
* From ... to ....
* Between ... and
3. Uses:
a. An action was happening at a definite time in the pastEx :
I was learning English between 8p.m and 10 p.m yesterday
b. An action was happening in the past and interruppted by another action or two actions were happening at the same time
As/when + past simple , S+V ( past continuous
While S+ V( past continuous) S+ V ( past continuous)
Ex: My brother was playing football when my mother came
While my mother was cooking my father was reading newspapers
c. An intension in the past = were going to V
Ex: When I came , he was packing his clothes
d. Criticize a bad habit in the past ( + always )Ex: When at school , Tom always losing things
e. To retell a story or describe a picture
Ex: It was getting darker , a woodfire was burning on the hearth and a cat was sleeping
* Past perfect
1. Form: had + P.P
2. Use:
a. Nói về một sự việc xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm cụ thể ở quá khứ.
Ex: By 2000 I had graduated from University.
b. Sử dụng cùng với quá khứ đơn để diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trước và hành động xảy ra sau. (Hành động dùng quá khứ hoàn thành <QKHT> xảy ra trước hành động ở quá khứ đơn <QKD>
Ex: I had had dinner before I go to bed.
c. Nói về những hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Ex: My brother had travelled to many countries before he set up his business.
d. Sử dụng với "by":
Ex: By the time I got home, my sister had cooked lunch.
e. Khi mối quan hệ về time giữa 2 hành động trong quá khứ rõ ràng (như trong cách dùng với "before, after, as soon as) thì có thể dùng thì QKD cho cả hai động từ.
Ex: After she (had) appeared in the film, she got a part in another movie.
f. Lưu ý sự khác nhau giữa các câu sau đây khi thì QKHT dc. dùng với "when"
Ex: When the show ended, I left
(= As soon as the show ended, I left)
When the show ended, I had left
(= By the time the showended, I had left)
g. Dùng với "already, yet, ever, never" để nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trước.
Ex: Ann did not go to London with her sister. She had already gone there.
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Đăng lúc 6-10-2014 05:04:04
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